Britannica Discovery Libraries
Body Language For Dummies
Body Language For Dummies
by Elizabeth Kuhnke
Download Now ____________________________________________________________________________________ Thanks to the author, the ever so subtle messages we send with our body language, may be implied but now can be intended!!! This study provides many ah-ha! moments as well as identifing in either social/family or business context how these body signals are read by others and how we can learn new body language emitting more positive energy as well as translate this language into our daily observations enabling better communication and understanding. Really fabulous, deeply insightful and very very fun!!!! Great gift for anyone.
100 Most Strangest Mysteries
100 Most Strangest Mysteries
Matt Lamy
Book Publishing Company :
Metro Books; 2007 edition edition (2007)
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No one can know everything, but that's no reason not to try, not to mention that the pursuit of ultimate knowledge sure can be fun. Matt Lamy covers a vast array of topics in the arena of the unknown in his book, 100 Strangest Mysteries. It reads like a general survey college course for everything you want to know about interesting and unexplainable history. An equally good title for the book would be Strangest Mysteries 101.
In like manner to a college 101 course, Lamy's book provides enough information on each of the one hundred topics he addresses to satisfy some degree of curiosity. Readers won't finish the book and be ready to sit for comprehensive exams, but they will certainly be prepared to hold a cocktail conversation on folklore like Big Foot and lost relics such as the Ark of the Covenant.
The real beauty of the Matt Lamy's work comes as it wets the reader's appetite for more. The concise sections lay solid groundwork for further independent study for those who want desperately to know everything about everything or at least take pleasure in having strong knowledge in quirky facts.
Lamy writes about Ley Lines in the book. He notes how some scientists and others believe the lines provide mysterious connections across the globe. In like manner, people, places and poltergeists come together under one cover in 100 Strangest Mysteries to help the "lay" reader to connect geography and other phenomena that link strange and mysterious oddities of time and space. The book makes you think and wonder. It's a fun read.
1001 Horrible Facts
1001 Horrible Facts
by Anne Rooney
Book Publishing Company :
Arcturus Publishing Ltd (November 1, 2006)
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Automobile for April 2009
Automobile for April 2009
automobilemag.com
Book Publishing Company :
automobilemag.com
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Word Exclusive ! First Drive Audi R8 V10
500 Places to See Before They Disappear
500 Places to See Before They Disappear
by Holly Hughes with Larry West
Book Publishing Company :
Wiley Publishing Inc.
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Nailing Jell-O to a wall—that’s what writing this book felt like at times. I have been haunted by that fact that, between the time this book was being written and the time it would appear in stores—let alone by the time you finally read it—any of these threatened des-tinations could have radically changed. That came with the territory, so to speak—you can’t call a book 500 Places to See Before They Disappear without assuming that the places you’re going to write about are on the brink of extinction. I became afraid to open the newspaper in the morning. The 2008 one-two punch of the cyclone in Myanmar and the Sichuan earthquake in China is a perfect example of how perilous the fate of our planet seems these days.
If you’ve bought this book, you don’t need me to tell you that. Those of us concerned about earth’s survival already hear the warning alarms around us on a daily basis. But when all is said and done, this book is, above all, meant to be a travel guide, not a scientific treatise or an eco-sermon. What you’ll find in these pages is a carefully chosen list of destinations for travelers to enjoy. That verb “enjoy” is crucial—for in the process of cherishing these natural and cultural wonders, we renew our commitment to preserving them.
Naturally, as travelers we don’t want to visit only ruins and devastation—so whenever possible, I’ve steered you to those spots where now-rare species are surviving, where special landscapes are still intact, where unique cultural artifacts have been preserved. (Who wants to devote a week’s precious vacation to dive at a dying coral reef, when there are still healthy ones to glory over?) And as you visit these places, hopefully my suggestions will help you do so with sustainable travel habits—choosing nonpolluting, fuel-efficient transportation, supporting local suppliers, and leaving as few traces as possible on the land.
Flatland : A Roman of Many Dimention
Edwin A. Abbot Download Now ____________________________________________________________________________________ CONTENTS : ____________________________________________________________________________________ SAMPLE CONTENT :
Dan Brown's The Lost Symbol
Dan Brown's The Lost Symbol
Nigel Tomm
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nowhere left to go : Music for Mandolin and Guitar
Nowhere left to go : Music for Mandolin and Guitar
Daniel ahlert & Birgit Schwab
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The Sexual Demon of Colonial Power : Pan-African Embodiment and Erotic Schemes of Empire
The Sexual Demon of Colonial Power : Pan-African Embodiment and Erotic Schemes of Empire
by Greg Thomas
Book Publishing Company :
Indiana University Press
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1001 facts about Dinosaurus
1001 facts about Dinosaurus
by Neil Clark and William Lindsay
Book Publishing Company :
DK Publishing, Inc
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Follow Me !
Follow Me !
Book Publishing Company :
© Mark Tinney 1990
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Of Rice and Yen an englishmans look at the best and worst of Japan; the pleasures and pains, the gems and the jaw-droppers
Of Rice and Yen
an englishmans look at the best and worst of Japan; the pleasures and pains, the gems and the jaw-droppers
by Dave Mosley
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Selected Papers Of Charlesh . Hinton About The Fourth Dimension
Selected Papers Of Charlesh . Hinton About The Fourth Dimension
Copyright 2008 © by E. Pérez
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The Best American Travel Writing 2003
The Best American Travel Writing 2003
Edited by Ian Frazier
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Chartoasis: Book of market data
Chartoasis: Book of market data
by Kelemen Szabolcs
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Discover 100 Job Descriptions in Risk and Compliance Management and what it takes to get hired. Which factors matter
Discover 100 Job Descriptions in Risk and Compliance Management and what it takes to get hired. Which factors matter
by George Lekatis
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How To Create A Reality That Exceeds Your Dreams Faster Than You Ever Thought Possible!
How To Create A Reality That Exceeds Your Dreams Faster Than You Ever Thought Possible!
by Tom Anderson
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Surviving a Tsunami : Lessons from Aceh and Southern Java, Indonesia
Surviving a Tsunami : Lessons from Aceh and Southern Java, Indonesia
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Why Not Consulting! – The Launch Plan
Why Not Consulting! – The Launch Plan
by Tom Legere and Skip Howard
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David Blaine's Magic Tricks : Revealed !
David Blaine's Magic Tricks : Revealed !
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Free Medical Information : Doctor = Publisher
Free Medical Information : Doctor = Publisher
by Bernd Sebastian Kamps
Book Publishing Company :
Flying Publisher
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The Hunger Games
Encyclopedic Dictionary of Mathematics : Second Edition
Edited by Kiyosi Ito Book Publishing Company : ___ Download Now ____________________________________________________________________________________ CONTENTS : ____________________________________________________________________________________ SAMPLE CONTENT :
The New Kitchen Triangle
Adventures in Thai Cooking & Travel Roasted Chilli Paste
Jobs in Housing & Interior Design
Make My Own House
Home Design Ideas
Japan in a Nutshell
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Japan in a Nutshell
by Professor Solomon
Book Publishing Company :
___
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The Home Improvement Triangle
International Code of Botanical Nomenclature
PHP and MySQL for Dynamic Web Sites Visual QuickPro Guide 2nd Edition
A Field Guide to Genetic Programming
Bleach Comic Episode 388 - 389
MIND BODY SPIRIT SITES
"101 Fun and Mind Stimulating Things to do with Your Kids (2-6 years)" Book Scanning
"Math Wonders to Inspire Teachers and Students" Book Scanning
"Mathematics : A Tutorial on Learning Bayesian Networks" Book Scanning
"Cafe & Restaurant Design" Book Scanning
"A Brief Guide to Starting a Home-based Business" Book Scanning
"Gus Dur: The Authorized Biography of Abdurrahman Wahid" Book Scanning
Wise to some, insolent to others, Abdurrahman’s mercurial style of leadership constantly confounded critics and ultimately caused him to be widely misunderstood by both domestic and international observers.
For the first time, biographer Greg Barton delves beneath the surface and gives us a unique insight into the man and his world drawn from his long relationship with Gus Dur — including being at his side during the final extraordinary months of the presidency.
Those interested in the drama of modern Indonesian politics will find this book provides a fascinating and invaluable account of the enigmatic Gus Dur.
"Marine generator set Quiet Diesel TM Series 7/9 QD - Space Saver Model MDKBK" Book Scanning
"Signal Mirror Installation Instructions Toyota Land Cruiser, Lexus" Book Scanning
"The Art of Interior Decoration" Book Scanning
The Art of Interior Decoration
Grace Wood
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CONTENTS :
CHAPTER I. HOW TO REARRANGE A ROOM
Method of procedure.......
--Inherited eyesores.--Line.--Colour.--Treatment of small rooms and suites.--Old ceilings.--Old floors.--To paint brass bedsteads.--Hangings.--Owning two or three antique pieces of furniture, how proceed.--Appropriateness to setting.--How to give your home a personal quality.
CHAPTER II. HOW TO CREATE A ROOM
Mere comfort.--Period rooms.--Starting a collection of antique furniture.--Reproductions.--Painted furniture.--Order of procedure in creating a room.--How to decide upon colour scheme.--Study values.--Period ballroom.--A distinguished room.--Each room a stage "set."--Background.--Flowers as decoration.--Placing ornaments.--Tapestry.--Tendency to antique tempered by vivid Bakst colours.
CHAPTER III. HOW TO DETERMINE CHARACTER OF HANGINGS AND FURNITURE-COVERING FOR A GIVEN ROOM
Silk, velvet, corduroy, rep, leather, use of antique silks, chintz.--When and how used.
CHAPTER IV. THE STORY OF TEXTILES
Materials woven by hand and machine, embroidered, or the combination of the two known as Tapestry.--Painted tapestry.--Art fostered by the Church.--Decorated walls and ceilings, 13th century, England.
CHAPTER V. CANDLESTICKS, LAMPS, FIXTURES FOR GAS AND ELECTRICITY, AND SHADES
Fixtures, as well as mantelpiece, must follow architect's scheme.--Plan wall space for furniture.--Shades for lights.--Important as to line and colour.
CHAPTER VI. WINDOW SHADES AND AWNINGS
Coloured gauze sash-curtains.--Window shades of glazed linen, with design in colours.--Striped canvas awnings.
CHAPTER VII. TREATMENT OF PICTURES AND PICTURE FRAMES
Selecting pictures.--Pictures as pure decoration.--"Staring" a picture.--Restraint necessary in hanging pictures.--Hanging miniatures.
CHAPTER VIII. TREATMENT OF PIANO CASES
Where interest centres abound piano.--Where piano is part of ensemble.
CHAPTER IX. TREATMENT OF DINING-ROOM BUFFETS AND DRESSING-TABLES
Articles placed upon them.
CHAPTER X. TREATMENT OF WORK TABLES, BIRD CAGES, DOG BASKETS, AND FISH GLOBES
Value as colour notes.
CHAPTER XI. TREATMENT OF FIREPLACES
Proportions, tiles, andirons, grates.
CHAPTER XII. TREATMENT OF BATHROOMS
A man's bathroom.--A woman's bathroom.--Bathroom fixtures.--Bathroom glassware.
CHAPTER XIII. PERIOD ROOMS
Chiselling of metals.--Ormoulu.--Chippendale.--Colonial.--Victorian.--The art of furniture making.--How to hang a mirror.--Appropriate furniture.--A home must have human quality, a personal note.--Mrs. John L. Gardner's Italian Palace in Boston.--The study of colour schemes.--Tapestries.--A narrow hall.
CHAPTER XIV. PERIODS IN FURNITURE
The story of the evolution of periods.-- Assyria.--Egypt.--Greece.--Rome.--France. --England.--America.--Epoch-making styles.
CHAPTER XV. CONTINUATION OF PERIODS IN FURNITURE
Greece.--Rome.--Byzantium.--Dark Ages.--Middle
Ages.--Gothic.--Moorish.--Spanish.--Anglo-Saxon.--Cæsar's Table.--Charlemagne's Chair.--Venice.
CHAPTER XVI. THE GOTHIC PERIOD
Interior decoration of Feudal Castle.--Tapestry.--Hallmarks of Gothic oak carving.
CHAPTER XVII. THE RENAISSANCE
Italy.--The Medici.--Great architects, painters, designers, and workers in metals.--Marvellous
pottery.--Furniture inlaying.--Hallmarks of Renaissance.--Oak carving.--Metal work.--Renaissance in Germany and Spain.
CHAPTER XVIII. FRENCH FURNITURE
Renaissance of classic period.--Francis I, Henry II, and the Louis.--Architecture, mural decoration, tapestry, furniture, wrought metals, ormoulu, silks, velvets, porcelains.
CHAPTER XIX. THE PERIODS OF THE THREE LOUIS
How to distinguish them.--Louis XIV.--Louis XV.--Louis XVI.--Outline.--Decoration.--Colouring.--Mural Decoration.--Tapestry.
CHAPTER XX. CHARTS SHOWING HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF FURNITURE
French and English.
CHAPTER XXI. THE MAHOGANY PERIOD
Chippendale.--Heppelwhite.--Sheraton.--The Adam Brothers.--Characteristics of these and the preceding English periods; Gothic, Elizabethan, Jacobean, William and Mary, Queen Anne.--William Morris.--Pre-Raphaelites.
CHAPTER XXII. THE COLONIAL PERIOD
Furniture.--Landscape paper.--The story of the evolution of wall decoration.
CHAPTER XXIII. THE REVIVAL OF DIRECTOIRE AND EMPIRE FURNITURE
Shown in modern painted furniture.
CHAPTER XXIV. THE VICTORIAN PERIOD
Architecture and interior decoration become unrelated.--Machine-made furniture.--Victorian cross-stitch,
beadwork, wax and linen flowers.--Bristol glass.--Value to-day as notes of variety.
CHAPTER XXV. PAINTED FURNITURE
Including "mission" furniture.--Treatment of an unplastered cottage.--Furniture, colour-scheme.
CHAPTER XXVI. TREATMENT OF AN INEXPENSIVE BEDROOM
Factory furniture.--Chintz.--The cheapest mirrors.--Floors.--Walls.--Pictures.--Treatment of old floors.
CHAPTER XXVII. TREATMENT OF A GUEST ROOM
Where economy is not a matter of importance.--Panelled walls.--Louis XV painted furniture.--Taffeta curtains
and bed-cover.--Chintz chair-covers.--Cream net sash-curtains.--Figured linen window-shades.
CHAPTER XXVIII. A MODERN HOUSE IN WHICH GENUINE JACOBEAN FURNITURE Is APPROPRIATELY SET
Traditional colour-scheme of crimson and gold.
CHAPTER XXIX. UNCONVENTIONAL BREAKFAST-ROOMS AND SPORTS BALCONIES
Porch-rooms.--Appropriate furnishings.--Colour schemes.
CHAPTER XXX. SUN-ROOMS
Colour schemes according to climate and season.--A small, cheap, summer house converted into one of some
pretentions by altering vital details.
CHAPTER XXXI. TREATMENT OF A WOMAN'S DRESSING-ROOM
Solving problems of the toilet.--Shoe cabinets.--Jewel cabinets.--Dressing tables.
CHAPTER XXXII. THE TREATMENT OF CLOSETS
Variety of closets.--Colour scheme.--Chintz covered boxes.
CHAPTER XXXIII. TREATMENT OF A NARROW HALL
Furniture.--Device for breaking length of hall.
CHAPTER XXXIV. TREATMENT OF A VERY SHADED LIVING-ROOM
In a warm climate.--In a cool climate.--Warm and cold colours.
CHAPTER XXXV. SERVANTS' ROOMS
Practical and suitable attractiveness.
CHAPTER XXXVI. TABLE DECORATION
Appropriateness the keynote.--Tableware.--Linen, lace, and flowers.--Japanese simplicity.--Background.
CHAPTER XXXVII. WHAT TO AVOID IN INTERIOR DECORATION: RULES FOR BEGINNERS
Appropriateness.--Intelligent elimination.--Furnishings.--Colour scheme.--Small
suites.--Background.--Placing rugs and hangings.--Treatment of long wall-space.--Men's rooms.--Table
decoration.--Tea table.--How to train the taste, eye, and judgment.
CHAPTER XXXVIII. FADS IN COLLECTING
A panier fleuri collection.--A typical experience in collecting.--A "find" in an obscure American
junk-shop.--Getting on the track of some Italian pottery.--Collections used as decoration.--A "find" in Spain.
CHAPTER XXXIX. WEDGWOOD POTTERY, OLD AND MODERN
The history of Wedgwood.--Josiah Wedgwood, the founder.
CHAPTER XL. ITALIAN POTTERY
Statuettes.
CHAPTER XLI. VENETIAN GLASS, OLD AND MODERN
Murano Museum collection.--Table-gardens in Venetian glass.
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"Pictorial Composition And the Critical Judgment of Pictures: A Handbook for Students and Lowers of Art" Book Scanning
IN THE PUNJAB
IN THE PUNJAB
Sir Michael O'Dwyer held me responsible for all that had happened in the Punjab, and some irate young Punjabis held me responsible for the martial law. They asserted that, if only I had not suspended civil disobedience, there would have been no Jalianwala Bagh massacre. Some of them even went the length of threatening me with assassination if I went to the Punjab. But I felt that my position was so correct and above question that no intelligent person could misunderstand it. I was impatient to go to the Punjab. I had never been there before, and that made me all the more anxious to see things for myself. Dr. Satyapal, Dr. Kitchly and Pandit Rambhaj Dutt Chowdhari, who had invited me to the Punjab, were at this time in jail. But I felt sure that the Government could not dare to keep them and the other prisoners in prison for long. A large number of Punjabis used to come and see me whenever I was in Bombay. I ministered to them a word of cheer on these occasions, and that would comfort them. My self- confidence of that time was infectious. But my going to the Punjab had to be postponed again and again. The Viceroy would say, 'not yet,' every time I asked for permission to go there, and so the thing dragged on. In the meantime the Hunter Committee was announced to hold an inquiry in connection with the Punjab Government's doings under the martial law. Mr. C. F. Andrews had now reached the Punjab. His letters gave a heart-rending description that the martial law atrocities were in fact even worse than the press reports had showed. He pressed me urgently to come and join him. At the same time Malaviyaji sent telegrams asking me to proceed to the Punjab at once. I once more telegraphed to the Viceroy asking whether I could now go to the Punjab. He wired back in reply that I could go there after a certain date. I cannot exactly recollect now, but I think it was 17th of October. The scene that I witnessed on my arrival at Lahore can never be effaced from my memory. The railway station was from end to end one seething mass of humanity. The entire populace had turned out of doors in eager expectation, as if to meet a dear relation after a long separation, and was delirious with joy. I was put up at the late Pandit Rambhaj Dutt's bungalow, and the burden of entertining me fell on the shoulders of Shrimati Sarala Devi. A burden it truly was, for even then, as now, the place where I was accommodated became a veritable caravanserai. Owing to the principal Punjab leaders being in jail, their place, I found, had been properly taken up by Pandit Malaviyaji, Pandit Motilalji and the late Swami Sharddhanandji. Malaviyaji and Shraddhanandji I had known intimately before, but this was the first occasion on which I came in close personal contact with Motilalji. All these leaders, as also such local leaders as had escaped the privilege of going to jail, at once made me feel perfectly at home amongst them, so that I never felt like a stranger in their midst. How we unanimously decided not to lead evidence before the Hunter Committee is now a matter of history. The reasons for that decision were published at that time, and need not be recapitulated here. Suffice it to say that, looking back upon these events from this distance of time, I still feel that our decision to boycott the Committee was absolutely correct and proper. As a logical consequence of the boycott of the Hunter Committee, it was decided to appoint a non-official Inquiry Committee, to hold almost a parallel inquiry on behalf of the Congress. Pandit Motilal Nehru, the late Deshbandhu C. R. Das, Sjt. Abbas Tyabji, Sjt. M.R.Jayakar and myself were appointed to this Committee, virtually by Pandit Malaviyaji. We distributed ourselves over various places for purposes of inquiry. The responsibility for organizing the work of the Committee devolved on me, and as the privilege of conducting the inquiry in the largest number of places fell to my lot, I got a rare opportunity of observing at close quarters the people of the Punjab and the Punjab villages. In the course of my inquiry I made acquaintance with the women of the Punjab also. It was as if we had known one another for ages. Wherever I went they came flocking, and laid before me their heaps of yarn. My work in connection with the inquiry brought home to me the fact that the Punjab could become a great field for Khadi work. As I proceeded further and further with my inquiry into the atrocities that had been committed on the people, I came across tales of Government's tyranny and the arbitrary despotism of its officers such as I was hardly prepared for, and they filled me with deep pain. What surprised me then, and what still continues to fill me with surprise, was the fact that a province that had furnished the largest number of soldiers to the British Government during the war, should have taken all these brutal excesses lying down. The task of drafting the report of this Committee was also entrusted to me. I would recommend a perusal of this report to any one who wants to have an idea of the kind of atrocities that were perpetrated on the Punjab people. All that I wish to say here about it is that there is not a single conscious exaggeration in it anywhere, and every statement made in it is substantiated by evidence. Moreover, the evidence published was only a fraction of what was in the Committee's possession. Not a single statement, regarding the validity of which there was the report. This report, prepared as it was solely with a view to bringing out the truth and nothing but the truth, will enable the reader to see to what lengths the British Government is capable of going, and what inhumanities and barbarities it is capable of perpetrating in order to maintain its power. So far as I am aware, not a single statement made in this report has ever been disproved.THE KHILAFAT AGAINST COW PROTECTION ?
THE KHILAFAT AGAINST COW PROTECTION ?
We must now leave, for the time being these dark happening in the Punjab. The Congress inquiry into Dyerism in the Punjab had just commenced, when I received a letter of invitation to be present at a joint conference of Hindus and Musalmans that was to meet at Delhi to deliberate on the Khilafat question. Among the signatories to it were the late Hakim Ajmal Khan Sahab and Mr. Asaf Ali. The late Swami Shraddhanandji, it was stated, would be attending and, if I remember aright, he was to be the vice-president of the conference, which, so far as I can recollect, was to be held in the November of that year. The Conference was to deliberate on the situation arising out of the Khilafat betrayal, and on the question as to whether the Hindus and Musalmans should take any part in the peace celebrations. The letter of invitation went on to say, among other things, that not only the Khilafat question but the question of cow protection as well would be discussed at the conference, and it would, therefore, afford a golden opportunity for a settlement of the question. I did not like this reference to the cow question. In my letter in reply to the invitation, therefore, whilst promising to do my best to attend, I suggested that the two questions should not be mixed up together or considered in the spirit of a bargain, but should be decided on their own merits and treated separately. With these thoughts filling my mind, I went to the conference. It was a very well attended gathering, though it did not present the spectacle of later gatherings that were attended by tens of thousands. I discussed the question referred to above with the late Swami Shraddhanandji, who was present at the conference. He appreciated my argument and left it to me to place it before the conference. I likewise discussed it with the late Hakim Saheb. Before the conference I contended that, if the Khilafat question had a just and legitimate basis, as I believe it had, and if the Government had really committed a gross injustice, the Hindus were bound to stand by the Musalmans in their demand for the redress of the Khilafat wrong. It would ill become them to bring in the cow question in this connection, or to use the occasion to make terms with the Musalmans, just as it would ill become the Musalmans to offer to stop cow slaughter as a price for the Hindus' support on the Khilafat question. But it would be another matter and quite graceful, and reflect great credit on them, if the Musalmans of their own free will stopped cow slaughter out of regard for the religious sentiments of the Hindus, and from a sense of duty towards them as neighbours and children of the same soil. To take up such an independent attitude was, I contended, their duty, and would enhance the dignity of their conduct. But if the Musalmans considered it as their neighbourly duty to stop cow slaughter, they should do so regardless of whether the Hindus helped them in the Khilafat or not. 'That being so,' I argued, 'the two questions should be discussed independently of each other, and the deliberations of the conference should be confined to the question of the Khilafat only.' My argument appealed to those present and, as a result, the question of cow protection was not discussed at this conference. But in spite of my warning Maulana Abdul Bari Saheb said: 'No matter whether the Hindus help us or not, the Musalmans ought, as the countrymen of the Hindus, out of regard for the latter's susceptibilities, to give up cow slaughter.' And at one time it almost looked as if they would really put an end to it. There was a suggestion from some quarters that the Punjab question should be tacked on to that of the Khilafat wrong. I opposed the proposal. The Punjab question, I said, was a local affair and could not therefore weigh with us in our decision to participate or not in the peace celebrations. If we mixed up the local question with the Khilafat question, which arose directly out of the peace terms, we should be guilty of a serious indiscretion. My argument easily carried conviction. Maulana Hasrat Mohani was present in this meeting. I had known him even before, but it was only here that I discovered what a fighter he was. We differed from each other almost from the very beginning, and in several matters the differences have persisted. Among the numerous resolutions that were passed at this conference, one called upon both Hindus and Musalmans to take the Swadeshi vow, and as a natural corollary to it, to boycott foreign goods. Khadi had not as yet found its proper place. This was not a resolution that Hasrat Saheb would accept. His object was to wreak vengeance on the British Empire, in case justice was denied in a counter proposal for the boycott purely of British goods so far as practicable. I opposed it on the score of principle, as also of practicability, adducing for it those arguments that have now become pretty familiar. I also put before the conference my view-point of non-violence. I noticed that my arguments made a deep impression on the audience. Before me, Hasrat Mohani's speech had been received with such loud acclamations that I was afraid that mine would only be a cry in the wilderness. I had made bold to speak only because I felt it would be a dereliction of duty not to lay my views before the conference. But, to my agreeable surprise, my speech was followed with the closest attention by those present, and evoked a full measure of support among those on the platform, and speaker after speaker rose to deliver speeches in support of my views. The leaders were able to see that not only would the boycott of British goods fail of its purpose, but would, if adopted, make of them a laughing stock. There was hardly a man present in that assembly but had some article of British manufacture on his person. Many of the audience therefore realized that nothing but harm could result from adopting a resolution that even those who voted for it were unable to carry out. 'Mere boycott of foreign cloth cannot satisfy us, for who knows long it will be, before we shall be able to manufacture Swadeshi cloth in sufficient quantity for our needs, and before we can bring about effective boycott of foreign cloth? We want something that will produce an immediate effect on the British. Let your boycott of foreign cloth stand, we do not mind it, but give us something quicker, and speedier in addition'- so spoke in effect Maulana Hasrat Mohani. Even as I was listening to him, I felt that something new, over and above boycott of foreign cloth, would be necessary. An immediate boycott of foreign cloth seemed to me also to be a clear impossibility at that time. I did not then know that we could, if we liked, produce enough Khadi for all our clothing requirements; this was only a later discovery. On the other hand, I knew even then that, if we depended on the mills alone for effecting the boycott of foreign cloth, we should be betrayed. I was still in the middle of this dilemma when the Maulana concluded his speech. I was handicapped for want of suitable Hind or Urdu words. This was my first occasion for delivering an argumentative speech before an audience especially composed of Musalmans of the North. I had spoken in Urdu at the Muslim League at Calcutta, but it was only for a few minutes, and the speech was intended only to be a feeling appeal to the audience. Here, on the contrary, I was faced with a critical, if not hostile, audience, to whom I had to explain and bring home my view-point. But I had cast aside all shyness. I was not there to deliver an address in the faultless, polished Urdu of the Delhi Muslims, but to place before the gathering my views in such broken Hindi as I could command. And in this I was successful. This meeting afforded me a direct proof of the fact that Hindi-Urdu alone could become the #lingua franca# of India. Had I spoken in English, I could not have produced the impression that I did on the audience, and the Maulana might not have felt called upon to deliver his challenge. Nor, if he had delivered it, could I have taken it up effectively. I could not hit upon a suitable Hindi or Urdu word for the new idea, and that put me out somewhat. At last I described it by the word 'non- op-operation,' an expression that I used for the first time at this meeting. As the Maulana was delivering his speech, it seemed to me that it was vain for him to talk about effective resistance to a Government with which he was co-operating in more than one thing, if resort to arms was impossible or undesirable. The only true resistance to the Government, it therefore seemed to me, was to cease to co- operate with it. Thus I arrived at the word non-co-operation. I had not then a clear idea of all its manifold implications. I therefore did not enter into details. I simply said: ' The Musalmans have adopted a very important resolution. If the peace terms are unfavourable to them - which may God forbid - they will stop all co-operation with Government. It is an inalienable right of the people thus to withhold co-operation. We are not bound to retain Government titles and honours, or to continue in Government service. If Government should betray us in a great cause like the Khilafat, we could not do otherwise than non-co-operate. We are therefore entitled to non-co-operate with Government in case of a betrayal.' But months elapsed before the word non-co-operation became current coin. For the time being it was lost in the proceedings of the conference. Indeed when I supported the co-operation resolution at the Congress which met at Amritsar a month later, I did so in the hope that the betrayal would never come
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